The Natural Resources of the African Community

The write up is on the African community. In Africa, most of the natural resources such as water, forests, soils and many more are on the rapid rate of extinction due to man’s exploitative nature without putting up the right conservation measures. Man exploits these resources in order to get their daily needs. The high population rates and the level of poverty contribute a lot to this kind of behavior.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Natural Resources of the African Community specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this paper, energy, water and forests have been identified as the three main areas that can be improved. There has been a cry in Africa over the shortages on these vital resources whereby the members are forced to acquire them expensively, because of this, measures to ensure their conservation is necessary. For each of the above mentioned resource, actions can be taken to cut down on their misus e. For water, it is necessary to have the water act that sets regulations and ensures that they are followed to the letter. In the case of energy, it is necessary to look for alternative renewable source of energy that is least costly and is environmental sensitive. In the issue of forests, laws should be enacted to ensure that those who go against them are answerable and pay heavily for their actions. According to a research done by Mwingi Godfrey on the conservation of water in South Africa, the following is important to ensure a sustainable use; Pressure management, this will control the chances of pipe bursts thus reducing the amount of losses through leakages, and in connection to this is the repairing of the faulty pipes and tapes to reduce the leakages. It is also vital to put up water meters for drafting payment schedules, this reduce the amount of water used for both domestic and commercial purposes. Water used for washing dishes and in flushing toilets is also a lot; there fore, re-use should be considered as some water can be used twice, this is called grey water. Dual flush system should be adopted because of its minimal water usage. In case of irrigation, conservative measures should be applied such as mulching and watering at the right time to avoid wastage (Water conservation para. 4). On energy, it is important to consider all the types of renewable energy sources such as wind, tides and waves, solar and biogas energy. If these entire sources are harnessed then the cost on electricity can be greatly reduced. Solar and biogas are the most efficient sources of energy that can be embraced to ensure a cost effective use. Practices such as putting off lights and all electrical appliances when not in use should be implemented. Use of energy saving bulbs should not be ignored (Fourteenth session of the United Nations commission on sustainable development para. 5).Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In considering forest resources in Africa, it is important to ensure that growing more trees is encouraged by emphasizing on the plant two as you cut down one should be encouraged, looking for alternative sources of energy and construction materials to reduce on logging done daily. Education campaigns on the importance of forests should be carried out. Conservation of these resources is a long time process which requires a timeframe of not less than five years. For water conservation, all the above mentioned ideas can be implemented in twenty years time, this due to ignorance with the people in Africa and lack of required skills to implement the strategies. For energy, a period of more than twenty years can be possible considering the lack in technical knowhow, awareness and lack of money to adopt the renewable sources. This case applies to forests because carrying out awareness and huge amount of money is required to carry out a forestation process. In the process of implementing the earlier mentioned ideas in order to conserve the above resources, many challenges are experienced. These include lack of money for proper funding, ignorance by the people on the importance of the resources and how to conserve them, poverty level and high population growth is also a threat as people have no alternative to get their daily needs apart from exploiting them and others. In order to counter the challenges mentioned, it is important to seek funds from the developed countries, carry out campaigns to educate the people on the importance of the resources and hoe to use them sustainably and providing an alternative for each of the mentioned resource to ensure its sustainability. Works Cited Fourteenth session of the United Nations commission on sustainable development, Department of environmental and tourism affairs, SEP 2005. Web. Water conservation. SAAF Environmental services. Feb. 2009. 04 April,2011. http://www.af.m il.za/ecopages/water.htmAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Natural Resources of the African Community specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on The Natural Resources of the African Community was written and submitted by user Julissa C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

AP history Industrial revolution essays

AP history Industrial revolution essays As the United States recovered from the Civil War and problems with segregation were being resolved the United States went through a major revolution in the industrial sector. Between 1860 and 1900 the United States went from being one of the slowest countries in industrial growth to one of the largest industrial giants. The production of coal grew 2000 percent and the production of steel grew 5000 percent. The leadership of the country, the immigration of people, the increase in miles of railroad, and the augment of populace in the urban areas promoted the industrial development and caused the United States to rumble with industrial expansion. The Republican Party controlled the presidency for six strait terms and well as eight of the ten terms between 1860 and 1900 (Doc. 4). The Republican Party believed in adjusting the tariff, tax on imports, to support the internal industries so that the citizens of the Untied States would prefer to purchase the products of the internal industries Doc. 3). The Republicans also supported improvements to the rivers and harbors. These features allowed the industrialism to swell by promoting their goals. The Republicans support of the industrial revolution and the projects that they allowed the companies to help with began a boom that couldnt be stopped. The growth in immigration aided the industrial revolution in a magnificent way as well. The immigrants were willing to do the manual labor on the railroads so that the native citizens could work the industrial, higher paying jobs in the urban areas. Document 4 shows the large increase in the Immigration to the United States, and Document 2 shows the miles of railroad track that was added each decade, this very similar growth pattern shows that the immigrants played a large part in the ability for the Republican party to reach its goal of having a railroad to the Pacific Ocean. The increase of railroad enabled the Un...

HE 491 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HE 491 - Article Example They discovered the roles of professional and political collaboration, and overall felt empowered to make a difference in their careers. Breast Cancer Advocacy Internship A study on breast cancer advocacy training supported a need for students ‘to become politically active professionals who participate in organizations that not only assist them professionally, but which affect the health and well-being of the communities in which they live and serve.’ This study revealed that many students had an increased sense of connection to the issue of breast cancer prevention and awareness through advocacy training. They developed a sense of empowerment in being able to impact the issue through political awareness and advocacy action. This study made them more aware of real life practical applications of what they were theoretically learning inside the classrooms. It gave the students a chance to explore innovative approaches to the dilemma, as well as become professionally aware of the collaboration needed among the professional and political community. More than anything, students developed a sense of urgency and a need to become actively involved in the issues surrounding breast cancer awareness, prevention, and research in their own communities.

Banking and Insurance Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Banking and Insurance Law - Essay Example Letters of Credit (LCs) is an instrument of maritime trade which has long been acclaimed as the nerve center of international trade. LCs are not "contracts" or "surety ship obligations" or "negotiable instruments" or an "agency agreements", but separate independent obligations to be interpreted on their own terms and conditions without reference to any other documents. ... or non-performance; transfer, assignment and back-to-back LCs; wrongful dishonor and anticipatory repudiation of it etc.UCPDC have technical rounded-up the standardized procedures and definitions on types of credit, teletransmitted and pre-advised credits, standard for examination of documents, discrepant documents and notice, disclaimer on effectiveness of documents, disclaimer on the transmission of messages, Force Majeure, bank-to-bank reimbursement arrangements, ambiguity as to the issuers of documents, unspecified, issuers or contents of documents, issuance date of documents v. credit date, Marine/Ocean Bill of Lading, Non-Negotiable Sea Waybill, Charter Party Bill of Lading, Multimodal Transport Document, Air Transport Document, Road, Rail or Inland Waterway Transport Documents, Courier and Post Receipts, Transport Documents Issued by Freight Forwarders, 'On Deck', 'Shipper's Load and Count', Name of Consignor, Clean Transport Documents, Freight Payable/Prepaid Transport Documents, Insurance Documents, Type of Insurance Cover, Commercial Invoices etc (UCPDC 500, 1993).In fact complete codified instructions on documentary credits can be had only through joint readings of the UCPDC and universal commercial codes (UCC). Despite the support of uniformity and standardization provided by provisions of UCPDC and UCC disputed transactions have grown multifold in maritime trade. Some of these disputes were genuine trade disputes and could be resolved by fulfillment of deficiencies whereas a good number of them were categorized as trade malpractices with the primary objective of defrauding the other part(ies).It is the latter category of documentary credit transactions which forms the focus of this paper and the general leeway given to fraudulent parties by English

Strategic Management in the quality of construction Assignment

Strategic Management in the quality of construction - Assignment Example The strategic planning would enable the quality of construction to get better and lead with a systematic approach (Rojas, 2009). A detailed review about the construction quality that is being practiced worldwide is collected with the help of information available through various sources. This research shows how there have to be establishment and maintenance of quality in the construction processes and how important this is. The information collected shows the consequences of the development of quality based schemes and tools on the construction side. In this process, there has to be importance given to the security, tools, architecture, querying and overall performance relating to the other competitors. Quality construction requires a need for review in all the sections to make sure nothing goes wrong. Literature Review: In the past years, research has shown that there is a continuous growth in the construction industry across the world (e.g. Woodward, 1997; Neeraj, 2000; Ruban, 2002 ). Due to the increasing population there is increased need of houses and buildings, furthermore developing countries are looking forward for a change for which they need the help of infrastructure and thus; construction. This continuous change and growth in the industry have lead to many initiatives to be introduced and being adopted aiming to further improving the quality of construction (Tang et al, 2005). The strategic management of the construction process focuses on these initiatives and aims at developing the same processes to the expectations of the respective people. Some of the initiatives that are strategically planned are the development of alternative procurement strategies that will enable and improve the communication structure of the different participants involved in the construction process (Davis, Goetsch, 2009). Secondly, the introduction to the use of computer technology that helps the enhancement of the construction process through the use of electronic data an d sharing. Thirdly, the introduction of a wide range of concepts and tools to improve efficiency and quality would be used and lastly, the development of the improved materials and construction methods including standardization (Skaik, 2009). Strategic management for the construction quality, just like every other industry, has the same approach. The approach for the strategic management has always been to be able to enhance the performance of the business. In the construction industry too, the strategic management in the quality of construction is aimed to bring benefits to the company’s growth and efficiency in the future, and also over the other competitors in the industry (Rumane, 2010). The managers of the construction project are supposed to be able to strategize their resources, their aims and their techniques to fulfill the expectations. The strategic management does not only include the strategies but also the ways in which they are carried out from the beginning to the end. And yet, many of the strategic management plans are failed. Quality of construction is immensely important no matter in what perspective the statement is drawn (Pheng, 2005). Whether it is the constructor, the contractor or the owner, each and all are concerned with the quality of construction. Griffith (2011) defines construction as a process that could be commercial, residential or any other type; there would be absolutely no

How Teenagers Consume Media

How Teenagers Consume Media Digital media is profoundly transforming consumer behaviour and traditional media business models. While creating new opportunities, its disruptive influence is being accelerated by the global recession. At the vanguard of this digital revolution are teenagers. While their habits will obviously change (especially when they start employment), understanding their mindset seems an excellent way of assessing how the media landscape will evolve. To this end, we asked a 15 year old summer work intern, Matthew Robson, to describe how he and his friends consume media. Without claiming representation or statistical accuracy, his piece provides one of the clearest and most thought provoking insights we have seen. So we published it. There are several issues that immediately jump out from the piece. Teenagers are consuming more media, but in entirely different ways and are almost certainly not prepared to pay for it. They resent intrusive advertising on billboards, TV and the Internet. They are happy to chase content and music across platforms and devices (iPods, mobiles, streaming sites). Print media (newspapers, directories) are viewed as irrelevant but events (cinema, concerts etc.) remain popular and one of the few beneficiaries of payment. The convergence of gaming, TV, mobile and Internet is accelerating with huge implications for pay-TV. For mobiles, price is key both in terms of handset prices  £100-200 as well as taking pay as you go as opposed to contracts. Mid-range feature phones still dominate, meaning that Sony Ericsson does well as thats their sweet spot. High-end smartphones are desirable but too expensive. Most prefer to own separate devices for music, and messaging. Texting is still key and use of new data services limited due to cost. Wi-Fi is more popular than 3G. While these trends will not necessarily surprise, their influence on TMT stocks cannot be underestimated. How Teenagers ConsumeMedia Radio Most teenagers nowadays are not regular listeners to radio. They may occasionally tune in, but they do not try to listen to a program specifically. The main reason teenagers listen to the radio is for music, but now with online sites streaming music for free they do not bother, as services such as last.fm do this advert free, and users can choose the songs they want instead of listening to what the radio presenter/DJ chooses. Television Most teenagers watch television, but usually there are points in the year where they watch more than average. This is due to programs coming on in seasons, so they will watch a particular show at a certain time for a number of weeks (as long as it lasts) but then they may watch no television for weeks after the program has ended. allows them to watch shows when they want. Whilst watching TV, adverts come on quite regularly (18 minutes of every hour) and teenagers do not want to watch these, so they switch to another channel, or do something else whilst the adverts run. The majority of teenagers I speak to have Virgin Media as their provider, citing lower costs but similar content of Sky. A fraction of teenagers have Freeview but these people are light users of TV (they watch about 1  ½ hours per week) so they do not require the hundreds of channels that other providers offer. Newspapers No teenager that I know of regularly reads a newspaper, as most do not have the time and cannot be bothered to read pages and pages of text while they could watch the news summarised on the internet or on TV. The only newspapers that are read are tabloids and freesheets (Metro, London Lite) mainly because of cost; teenagers are very reluctant to pay for a newspaper (hence the popularity of freesheets such as the Metro). Over the last few weeks, the sun has decreased in cost to 20p, so I have seen more and more copies read by teenagers. Another reason why mainly tabloids are read is that their compact size allows them to be read easily, on a bus or train. This is especially true for The Metro, as it is distributed on buses and trains. Gaming users, which has had an impact on phone usage; one can speak for free over the console and so a teenager would be unwilling to pay to use a phone. PC gaming has little or no place in the teenage market. This may be because usually games are released across all platforms, and whilst one can be sure a game will play on a console PC games require expensive set ups to ensure a game will play smoothly. In addition, PC games are relatively easy to pirate and download for free, so many teenagers would do this rather than buy a game. In contrast, it is near impossible to obtain a console game for free. Internet Every teenager has some access to the internet, be it at school or home. Home use is mainly used for fun (such as social networking) whilst school (or library) use is for work. Most teenagers are heavily active on a combination of social networking sites. Facebook is the most common, with nearly everyone with an internet connection registered and visiting >4 times a week. Facebook is popular as one can interact with friends on a wide scale. On the other hand, teenagers do not use twitter. Most have signed up to the service, but then just leave it as they release that they are not going to update it (mostly because texting twitter uses up credit, and they would rather text friends with that credit). In addition, they realise that no one is viewing their profile, so their tweets are pointless. Outside of social networking, the internet is used primarily as a source of information for a variety of topics. For searching the web, Google is the dominant figure, simply because it is well kn own and easy to use. Some teenagers make purchases on the internet (on sites like eBay) but this is only used by a small will) so that they can transfer it to portable music players and share it with friends. How teenagers play their music while on the go varies, and usually dependent on wealth -with teenagers from higher income families using iPods and those from lower income families using mobile phones. Some teenagers use both to listen to music, and there are always exceptions to the rule. A number of people use the music service iTunes (usually in conjunction with iPods) to acquire their music (legally) but again this is unpopular with many teenagers because of the high price (79p per song). Some teenagers use a combination of sources to obtain music, because sometimes the sound quality is better on streaming sites but they cannot use these sites whilst offline, so they would download a song then listen to it on music streaming sites (separate from the file). Cinema Teenagers visit the cinema quite often, regardless of what is on. Usually they will target a film first, and set out to see that, but sometimes they will just go and choose when they get there. This is because going to the cinema is not usually about the film, but the experience -and getting together with friends. Teenagers visit the cinema more often when they are in the lower end of teendom (13 and 14) but as they approach 15 they go to the cinema a lot less. This is due to the pricing; at 15 they have to pay the adult price, which is often double the child price. Also, it is possible to buy a pirated DVD of the film at the time of release, and these cost much less than a cinema ticket so teenagers often choose this instead of going to the cinema. Some teenagers choose to download the films off the internet, but this is not favourable as the films are usually bad quality, have to be watched on a small computer screen and there is a chance that they will be malicious files and insta ll a virus. Devices Mobile Phones 99% of teenagers have a mobile phone and most are quite capable phones. The general view is that Sony Ericsson phones are superior, due to their long list of features, built in walkman capability and value ( £100 will buy a mid-high range model). Teenagers due to the risk of it getting lost do not own mobile phones over the  £200 mark. As a rule, teenagers have phones on pay as you go. This is because they cannot afford the monthly payments, and cannot commit to an 18-month contract. Usually, teenagers only use their phone for texting, calling. Features such as video messaging or video calling are not used -because they are expensive, (you can get four regular texts for the price of one video message). Services such as instant messaging are used, but not by everyone. It usually depends whether the phone is Wi-Fi compatible, because otherwise it is very expensive to get internet off the phone network. As most teenagers phones have Bluetooth support, and Bluetooth is free, they utilise this feature often. It is used to send songs and videos (even though it is illegal) and is another way teenagers gain songs for free. Teenagers never use the ringtone and picture selling services, which gained popularity in the early 00s. This is because of the negative press that these services have attracted (where the charge  £20 a week with no easy way to cancel the service) and the fact that they can get pictures and music on a computer -then transfer it to their phones at no cost. Mobile email is not used as teenagers have no need; they do not need to be connected to their inbox all the time as they dont receive important emails. Teenagers do not use the internet features on their mobiles as it costs too much, and generally, if they waited an hour they could use their home internet and they are willing to wait as they dont usually have anything urgent to do. Teenagers do not upgrade their phone very often, with most upgrading every two years. They usually upgrade on their birthday when their parents will buy them a new phone, as they do not normally have enough money to do it themselves. Televisions: Most teenagers own a TV, with more and more upgrading to HD ready flat screens. However, many are not utilising this HD functionality, as HD channels are expensive extras which many families cannot justify the added expenditure. Many of them dont want to sign up to HD broadcasting services, as adverts are shown on standard definition broadcasts, so they cant see the difference. Most people have Virgin Media as a TV provider. Some have sky and some have Freeview but very few only have the first five channels (BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel Four and Channel Five). Computers: Every teenager has access to a basic computer with internet, but most teenagers computers are systems capable of only everyday tasks. Nearly all teenagers computers have Microsoft office installed, as it allows them to do school work at home. Most (9/10) computers owned by teenagers are PCs, because they are much cheaper than Macs and school computers run Windows, so if a Mac is used at home compatibility issues arise. Games Consoles: Close to 1/3 of teenagers have a new ( What is Hot? Anything with a touch screen is desirable. Mobile phones with large capacities for music. Portable devices that can connect to the internet (iPhones) Really big tellies What Is Not? Anything with wires Phones with black and white screens Clunky brick phones Devices with less than ten-hour battery life Disclosure Section Morgan Stanley Co. International plc, authorized and regulated by Financial Services Authority, disseminates in the UK research that it has prepared, and approves solely for the purposes of section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, research which has been prepared by any of its affiliates. As used in this disclosure section, Morgan Stanley includes RMB Morgan Stanley (Proprietary) Limited, Morgan Stanley Co International plc and its affiliates. 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Gold :: science

Gold Gold was discovered around 3000 BC to 1200 BC. Gold probably was found on the ground and used by prehistoric man as a tool. Highly sophisticated gold art objects and jewelry discovered by archaeologists in the Royal Tombs at Ur, in what is now Southern Iraq, date back to around 3000 BC. Similarly, goldsmiths of the Chavin civilization in Peru were making ornaments by hammering and embossing gold by 1200 BC. Where and abundance in nature: Since gold is both durable and carefully guarded, most of the gold that has been taken from the Earth still exists. Much of it has been buried again in underground vaults, where it is held in government monetary reserves. In 1990 the bullion reserves of the free world were estimated to total some 43,000 tons. Of this, the United States held 11 percent. Gold reserves of South Africa were estimated at some 20,000 tons. Despite the prevalence of antihoarding laws, another 50,000 tons were believed to be privately held. People are willing to take enormous risks and short-term financial losses to hoard gold against the possibility of fiscal inflation . The rest of the world's accumulated gold was held in official stocks by central banks or was industrially employed or lost. Today gold may be bought and sold on many markets. The largest is in London, England. Others exist in several nations of continental Europe, in the Middle East, and in Asia. Past and Current use: Gold probably was found on the ground and used by prehistoric man as a tool. Highly sophisticated gold art objects and jewelry discovered by archaeologists in the Royal Tombs at Ur, in what is now Southern Iraq, date back to around 3000 BC. Similarly, goldsmiths of the Chavin civilization in Peru were making ornaments by hammering and embossing gold by 1200 BC. Gold is usually alloyed in jewelry to give it more strength, and the term carat describes the amount of gold present (24 carats is pure gold). It is estimated that all the gold in the world, so far refined, could be placed in a single cube 60 ft. on a side. It is metallic, with a yellow color when in a mass, but when finely divided it may be black, ruby, or purple. It is the most malleable and ductile metal; 1 ounce (28 g) of gold can be beaten out to 300 square feet.

Fiction and Literature Outdoor Literature Essay

â€Å"When I read great literature, great drama, speeches, or sermons, I feel that the human mind has not achieved anything greater than the ability to share feelings and thoughts through language. â€Å"- James Earl Jones The major types of literature across the world are English, Greek, Latin, Roman, African, Indian, American, French, Irish, Spain, Chinese, Italian, Japanese, Persian, Sanskrit, Nepali, Russian and Canadian literature. Literature is a well-considered form of a language that influences the minds of readers of all age. Italian Renaissance is the age of Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, whereas Greece Literature mostly comprises the literature of Greek Gods and Goddesses. Romanticism of Wordsworth is the literature which is oriented towards nature and can be considered to be reverse of classicism. Today’s era of Modernism and Post modernism uses artificial language based on ambiguity, satire and parody. Some authors choose long composition methods to link more than one story. Moreover, literature being a part of scientific language is also used to analyze grammar, usage, lexis and semantics. Kinds of Literature Fictional Literature. Drama: Drama is the theatrical dialog performed on stage, it consists of 5 acts. Tragedy, comedy and melodrama are the sub types of drama. e. g William Shakespeare, an Elizabethan dramatist composed the plays Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear that are famous because of its combination of tragedy and comedy. Problem play, farce, fantasy, monologue and comedy of manners are some kinds of drama. Tragedy: It is a story of the major character who faces bad luck. Tragedy, elements of horrors and struggle usually concludes with the death of a person. The Illiad and The Odyssey by Homer are the two famous Greek tragedies. Comedy: The lead character overcomes the conflicts and overall look of the comedy is full of laughter and the issues are handled very lightly. The elements used in the comedy are romanticism, exaggeration, surprises and a comic view of life. Melodrama: Melodrama is a blend of two nouns – ‘melody’ and ‘drama’. It is a musical play most popular by 1840. Uncle Tom’s Cabin is one of the most popular plays describing cruelty of labor life. It has happy ending like comedy. Tragicomedy: The play that begins with serious mode but has a happy ending is tragicomedy. Prose Literature  History, journalism, philosophy, fiction and fantasy writings, scientific writings, children’s literature authors and writers are included in Prose Literature. Myth Myths are the fairy tales with lots of adventure, magic and it lacks scientific proof. Nursery rhymes, songs and lullabies are forms of myths that strike the interest of children. Creative and nature myth are stories of the stars and moon. Magic tales are wonderful tales of quests and fantasy. Hero myths are ideal heroes of adventure. Short story The small commercial fiction, true or imaginary, smaller than a novel is known as short story. Short stories are well-grouped that followed the sequence of easy and no complexity in beginning, concrete theme, some dialogs and ends with resolution. They are oral and short-lived which have gossip, joke, fable, myth, parable, hearsay and legend. Novel Novel can be based on comic, crime, detective, adventurous, romantic or political story divided into many parts. The major kinds of novels are: Allegory: The symbolic story revolves around two meanings. What the writer says directly is totally different from the conveyed meanings at the end. Political and Historical allegory are two forms of Allegory. Comedy: Satire is very common form in comedy novels and tries to focus on the facts of the society and their desires. Epistolary: The collection of letters or mails is the epistolary novels. Samuel Richardson’s Pamela and Henry Fielding’s Joseph Andrew are the few examples of Epistolary novels. Feminist: These types of novels are written by women writers around the world to describe the place of women in a male dominated society. E. g Virginia Woolf’s â€Å"A Room of one’s Own†. Gothic: Gothic fiction is the combination of both horror and romance. Melodrama and parody were grouped in the Gothic literature in its early stages. Ironic: Ironic novels are known for excessive use of narrative technique. It is satire on the contemporary society about cultural, social and political issues. Realism: The realistic novels are based on the truths of ordinary society and their problems. It focuses on the plot, structure and the characters of the novel. Romance: Love and relationship topics are handled optimistically in the romantic novels. It originated in western countries; basically the story revolves around love affairs of main characters. Some popular sub categories of romantic novels are paranormal, erotic, suspense, multicultural and inspirational romance. Narration: In narrative style, writer becomes the third person who narrates whole story around the characters. Naturalism: Naturalism is based on the theory of Darwin. Picaresque: It is opposite to romance novels as it involves ideals, themes and principles that refuse the so-called prejudices of the society. Psychological: It’s the psychological prospective of mind with a resolution. Satire: Satirical novels criticize the contemporary society. The most famous novels are Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels (1726), Kingsley Amis’s Lucky Jim (1954), George Orwell’s Animal Farm and Randell Jarrell’s Pictures from an Institution (1954). Stream of Consciousness: James Joyce’s stream of consciousness is all about the thought coming up in the minds of the readers. A novel also constitutes categories on social and political aspects like proletarian, psychological, protest novel, government, didactic, materialist novel, allegorical novel, novel of engagement, naturalistic novel, Marxist novel, radical novel, revolutionary novel, anti-war novel, utopian novel, futuristic novel, anarchist novel, problem novel, social philosophy novel, novel of ideas, problem play and speculative novel. Folk Tale  Folk Tales are traditional stories that have been creating interest since ancient times. The children and old persons like religious story, magic and superstition as well. Fable, tall tales, cumulative, trickster and proverbs are the sub categories of folk tales. Mythology or legend is the ancient religious stories of origin and human civilization such as story of Robin Hood. Types of poetry Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings recollected in the tranquility. Greek poetry is found in free verse and we have rhymes in the Persian poem. Are you wondering how to write a poem, here are the followings forms of poem? Sonnet: Sonnet is the short poem of 14 lines grouped into Shakespearean and Italian sonnets. Ballad: The poems that are on the subject matter of love and sung by the poet or group of singers as telling readers a story. Elegy: This type of poem is the lamenting of the death of a person or his near one. Elegy Written in Country Churchyard by Thomas Gray is one of the famous poems marked as sad poems of the ages. Ode: Ode is the formal and long poem serious in nature. Allegory: Allegory is the famous form of poetry and is loved by the readers because of its two symbolic meanings. One is the literal meaning and another is the deep meaning. Epic and Mock epic: Epics are the narrative poems that convey moral and culture of that period. The Odyssey and Iliad are one of the largest philosophical epics written by Samuel Butler. Rape of the Lock is the great mock epic focusing on the minor incident of cutting of a curl. Lyric: It has Greek origin that gives a melody of imagery. It is the direct appeal of a poet to the readers about any incident or historical events. Lyrics are most of the time similar to ode or sonnets in the form. Nonfiction Literature: Nonfiction Literature is opposite to fiction as it is informative and comprises the interesting facts with analysis and illustrations. Main types of Non- fiction literature Autobiography and Biography An autobiography is the story of the author’s own life. ‘Family Life at the White House’ by Bill Clinton is focused on his life and achievements. ‘Wings of fire’ by Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Mein kampf of Adolph Hitler are the autobiography books on real life. Essay Generally the authors’ point of view about any particular topic in a detailed way is an essay. Essay has simple way of narrating the main subject; therefore they are descriptive, lengthy, subject oriented and comparative. Different types of essay: Personal essay, expository essay type, response essay, process essay, persuasive essay, argumentative essay, critical essay type, interview essay, reflective essay type, evaluation, observation essay, comparison type of essay, application essay, compare and contrast essay and narrative essay type. Literary criticism It is the critical study of a piece of literature. Here critics apply different theories, evaluation, discussion and explanation to the text or an essay to give total judgments. Plato, Aristotle, T. S. Eliot, Saussure and Frye are some of the famous critics. Travel literature It is the narration of any tour or foreign journey with the description of the events, dates, places, sights and author’s views. Francis Bacon’s natural philosophies in the middle of Seventeenth century is one famous example of travel literature. Diary Diaries are the incidents recorded by the author without any means of publishing them. It is the rough work of one’s daily routine, happenings, memorable days or events in their life. E. g. Anne Frank’s ‘Diary of a Young Girl’ was published by her father in 1940s; it’s a story of a girl trapped during German invade Amsterdam. Diaries consists of business letters, newsletters, weather listing. In today’s world of Internet, writers write in blogs, forums, polls and social networking sites to convey their thoughts. This also is a form of diary writing. Some profound forms of diaries are online diary, travel, sleep, tagebuch, fictional, dream and death diaries. Journal Journal is one of types of diaries that records infinite information. They are of following types: Personal: It is for personal analysis. In this journal one can write his goal, daily thoughts, events and situations. Academic: It is for students who do research or dissertation on particular subjects. Creative journals: Creative journals are the imaginative writing of a story, poem or narrative. Trade: Trade journals are used by industrial purposes where they dictate practical information. Dialectical: This journal is use by students to write on double column notebook. They can write facts, experiments, and observation on the left side and right side can be a series of thoughts and response with an end. Newspaper It is a collection of daily or weekly news of politics, sports, leisure, fashion, movies and business. Magazine Magazines can be the current affairs or opinions well collected covering various content. Frame Narrative The psychoanalysis of human mind is present in a frame narrative. Here we find another story within the main story. Some of the popular narratives are Pegasus, Wuthering Heights, The Flying Horse, The Three Pigs, A Time to keep and the Tasha Tudor Book of Holidays. Outdoor literature Outdoor literature is the literature of adventure that gives whole exploration of an event. Exciting moments of life such as horse riding, fishing, trekking can be a part of literature. Some outdoor books are ‘The Adventures of Tom Sawyer’ by Mark Twain, ‘Treasure Island’ by Robert Louis, ‘Voyages’ by Richard Hakluyt and ‘A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush’ by Eric Newby. Narrative form of Literature Today we find movies, audio and video CD’s and Cassettes that present current literature in use. Digital poetry is an upcoming trend too. Comic books, cartoons, eBook and Internet games are the learning methods for children. Literature includes centuries, human nature, cultures and souls. Isn’t it?

The History of Voting Rights in the United States of America

The History of Voting Rights in the United States of America The United States of America is often regarded as the ideal of universal suffrage by other countries around the world. However, many American politicians and activists still argue that there is still room for changes in some vital areas of the government’s core units.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Voting Rights in the United States of America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Constitutional rights on voting are indeed one of those sectors that have been accorded great concern in the U.S. history (Donald, 1998). As it would be observed, the U.S. Constitution guarantees for overall protection of peoples’ liberties, which are executed through the guideline and requirement of the Bill of Rights. The fundamental right of taking part in the voting exercise, as we all know, offers every American citizen the opportunity to actively take part in the republican form of government within the st ates. Definite triumphs are common in the United States nowadays owing to the big concerns that are currently addressed to the overall civil and voting rights. This paper provides an in-depth outline of the history of the voting rights in the U.S. in regard with Constitutional amendments that have been witnessed so far in the sector. More importantly, some of the major challenges to equal and fair voting facing the country at state, federal, and local elections are also discussed in this essay. The issue regarding the provision of civil rights protecting people from the interference of government as well as the provision of those civil rights which guarantees people equal participation in a democratic world has always been a matter of concern to many political scholars and activists. The American voting rights has been a contentious issue in the country’s past. Eligibility to take part in the voting exercise can be determined by both state and Federal law and presently, only citizens are eligible to vote in America. This however, has not always been the case. When the U.S. finally achieved its independence in 1776, only one category of people; white, property-owning males would enjoy a massive voice in the government (Bickel, 1966). The franchise was denied to women and all other people of color in the states.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This would actually raise much concern as people started realizing the value of the lacking freedom and slowly, a steady march towards attaining freedom and justice for everyone would begin resulting into major amendments that would see other citizens taking part in the significant exercise. The 14th Amendment to the Federal Constitution was passed in the year 1886, offering the right of citizenship to former slaves and changing them to whole persons of the country (Dinnerstein and Reimers, 1975). Come in 1869 , the 15th Amendment was passed allowing the black men to take part in the voting practice. However, most women of all races were still unable to play a role in the exercise. 1869 would also mark the beginning of another era known as ‘Black Codes’ which placed a restriction on the rights and freedom of African Americans in various sectors, among them the freedom to exercise their right to vote. Restriction strategies such as poll taxes, literary tests, economic pressures and threat of physical violence intended to suppress these categories from voting were observed to be common within the Black Codes. This however, was a short-lived practice in the changing world of the U.S. politics and with time, the Constitution would successfully make voting in the U.S. an exercise for all. Initiatives to promote the role of women in the voting exercise can be traced back to the 1770s through the early 1800s. Various conventions and movements advocating for women rights would take p lace and come in 1920, the 19th Amendment to the Constitution would accord women the freedom to take part in the U.S. voting exercise. Some interim changes to immigration and naturalization laws in 1940s and 1950s would also open the practice to some categories but not every Asian Pacific American. The final barriers to minority voting rights in the U.S. ultimately came in the year 1965, following the enactment of the legislation that did not only enforce the 15th Amendment but that would enact a countrywide prohibition on aspects limiting voting rights for minorities across the states. However, regardless of these significant amendments, the American youth still lacked the right to vote and it was not until the passage of the 26th Amendment in July, 1971 when they were able to do so following the reduction of the minimum voting age from 21 to 18 years of age. Today, the American youth just like anybody else have the right to fully appreciate both their duty and right to elect their leaders and representatives in the government (Fowler, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Voting Rights in the United States of America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, no matter these significant federal legislation and amendments in the U.S. Constitution on the voting rights, there are still some notable challenges to equal and fair execution of the exercise. Among the major challenges is the race/gender issue whereby elective positions, entitlements and other benefits come with one’s status and culture in the class-divided society of America. Unequal and unfair voting practice in the modern U.S. is also likely to result from various attitudes directed towards diverse population where immigrants have limited rights or even no rights at all compared to genuine American citizens. Another big challenge here is that, many people would be opposed to any form of affirmative action sim ply for their belief that it is likely to violate a sense of fairness. These are some of the drawbacks facing fair and equal voting in modern U.S. and this is the time for strong affirmative actions to be undertaken towards correcting such inequalities, for a better America. References Bickel, A. (1966). The Voting Rights Cases. The Supreme Court Review, 1966 (67), 79-102. Dinnerstein, L. and Reimers, D. (1975). Ethnic Americans: A history of immigration and assimilation. History: Reviews of New Books, 4 (1), 17-17. Donald, G. (1998). An Introduction to Arizona History and Government. 6th Ed. New York: Pearson Custom Publishing. Fowler, K. (2007). Deceptive Voting Practices and Voter Intimidation in the Wake of United States v. Charleston County. Charleston L. Rev, 2 (17), 733.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

6 Common Resume Mistakes That Make Recruiters Cringe

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Nursing Situation (evidence-Based) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nursing Situation (evidence-Based) - Assignment Example It was a devastating experience for the entire team and the patient since it altered his life. It damaged the reputation of the health facility after the patient filed a legal suit, causing financial loss and needless suffering and pain. On further review of the cause of the incident, it was noted that the patient’s test results had been mixed up, there were incorrect markings, there was poor communication between the nurses and the doctors, poor teamwork, and there was miscommunication on whether it is the patient’s right or left limb that was to be amputated. Consequently, the jury found the facility liable of negligence and was heavily fined. The ECRI Institute (2008) affirms that some of the major intervention measures that should be prioritised in order to avoid erroneous operations are the utilization of scheduling forms, ensuring that the entire team has verified a patient’s information prior to the procedure, making sure that the nurses or physicians selected have performed the right site marking, and using time check-outs. A culture of effective and open communication between the nurses and the patients, as well as the OR team should be cultivated to help prevent future cases of wrong site surgeries. Moreover, team policies, procedures and dynamics that include having a comprehensive checklist is also critical in avoiding reoccurrences. This means that before commencing the procedure or entering the room, the hospital and the entire team should check if they are operating the right person, if they are conducting the right procedure, and whether they are doing it on the right side or part of the body. The OR nurses should also practice patience with the patients when asking them questions with regard to their operation. It is also important to offer perioperative nurses with sound information on wrong site surgeries to enhance patients’ health and safety. Additionally,

Attitudes Toward Autism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Attitudes Toward Autism - Essay Example The data available with the survey has made use of the one-way ANOVA test and compared the ethnicities of users with their responses to the question of whether they personally knew a person known to suffer from Autism. In this context, it is assumed that the respondents’ answers were considered with the assumption that personally knowing someone with Autism was equivalent to the presence of such suffering individuals within friends and family. The one-way ANOVA test presented the following outputs results. The purpose of the ANOVA test in this context is to identify variations over the extent to which different ethnicities are aware of the existence of Autism within their communities. The null hypothesis assumes that there is no difference amongst the various ethnic groups over the presence of Autism. However, the ANOVA analysis presents a significance value (0.000), which is less than the confidence levels of 0.05, leading to a rejection of the null hypothesis. This establishes that different ethnicities have different opinions and knowledge over the existence of Autism within their groups. The above tests still provide a significance value well below the confidence intervals ( The reason for choosing the Games Howell post-hoc test was due to fact that it does not rely on homogeneity of variance. SPSS marks significant differences with an asterisk as shown in the figure above. From the figure, it is clearly evident that the understanding of existence of Autism varies significantly amongst the different groups. Most importantly, there were significant differences observed between different groups including Afro-Caribbean &