What Is a Good Human Life and How Should It Be Lived Essay

What is a good human life and how should it be lived? Introduction The ancient philosophers had put much emphasis on the constitution of the human life and the manner in which it should be lived. From Aristotle to Plato and Socrates, all these philosophers had different views concerning the manner in which people should live with themselves and with each other. The aim of this paper is to explore the views of these three philosophers and then analyze where they compare and contrast with each other. The Human Life According to the Plato Republic Through the Republic, Plato sought to relate the life of an individual to that of the society as a whole. According to him, people show similar characteristics, act in the same deeds, and†¦show more content†¦The spirited soul comprises of the volition and will that perform the duties of the practical life as directed by reason. It does whichever thing that the intellect has established is good with the utmost courage (Abbot, 2009, p. 180). On the other hand, the appetitive soul constitutes of desires and emotions. This part of the soul is responsible for the feelings and wants that are numerous within the life a human being. Most of these feelings and wants undergo deferral upon rational pursuits in order to attain a productive measure of self control. In his own opinion, Plato argues that the harmonious performance of their duties by the three souls is the only condition that makes a human being live appropriately and justifiably. Therefore, the three souls must work jointly and should be interrelated for the benefit of an individual. Only then can the justice of an individual person come out. The Human Life According to Aristotle’s Ethics Aristotle relays his theory of good life for humans in the Nichomachean Ethics. He speaks of the good life as the happy one. According to him, good life rises above being amused and feeling happy about existence. 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As a matter of fact, finding freedom in order to live free is the common idea in Plato with The Allegory of the Cave; Henry David Thoreau with Where I lived and What I lived for; and JeanRead MoreEssay On Starve Or Kill A Lifeboat964 Words   |  4 PagesTo Starve or Kill in a Lifeboat Webster’s dictionary defines utilitarianism as â€Å"a doctrine that the useful is the good and that the determining consideration of right conduct should be the usefulness of its consequences† (Merriam-Webster). This doctrine is used in cases when trying to decide whether an issue is morally acceptable or not. In the case of the sailors stranded in a lifeboat at sea, the question raised is whether or not the men were morally corrupt by killing the cabin boy. ThereRead MoreEpictetus And Epicurus Vs. Nietzsche793 Words   |  4 PagesNietzsche Both Epictetus and Epicurus agree that in order to live the best life possible, it is necessary to reduce human desires. Epicurus argued that if a person can reduce human desires and live a good life â€Å"you will live as a god among men†, similarly, Epictetus says that only this good life is one that is â€Å"free†. On the other hand, Friedrich Nietzsche criticizes traditional and Christian morality as being â€Å"hostile to life†. Epictetus’ principle philosophy is based on his concept that â€Å"wealthRead MoreLife After Death Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesLife After Death The Romans, Greeks and Egyptians all share many common beliefs such as the belief in the Gods, spirits, souls and ultimately life after death. Although, these cultures share common beliefs, there are still very different ideas and ways in which they related and communicated with the dead. The Egyptians believed the idea of eternal and actual death was incomprehensible. 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In this paper, I disagree with Aristotle’s proper function argument. The word happiness is a much broader term to Aristotle than what we think of. (Johnston, Para. F) By happiness he means successful, living a good life and physical well being. A fully happy life would include success for themselves, their

Othello’s Themeland - 3037 Words

Othello’s Themeland Built on a broad base of multiple themes, Othello is one of William Shakespeare’s most popular tragedies. Let’s sift through the themes and try to rank them in significance. In the Introduction to The Folger Library General Reader’s Shakespeare, Louis B. Wright and Virginia A. LaMar consider the arch-villainy of the ancient to be the most potent theme: Othello has been described as Shakespeare’s most perfect play. Critics of dramatic structure have praised it for its attention to the main theme without irrelevant distractions. Many Elizabethan plays had rambling subplots and much extraneous detail to amuse the groundlings. Othello avoids all irrelevancies and the action moves swiftly†¦show more content†¦Heilman discusses the ancient’s instinctive reaction to the love-theme of the play: Before coming directly to the forming of the love-theme that differentiates Othello from other Shakespeare plays that utilize the same theme, I turn arbitrarily to Iago to inspect a distinguishing mark of his of which the relevance to thematic form in the play will appear a little later. When Iago with unperceived scoffing reminds Roderigo, who is drawn with merciless attraction to the unreachable Desdemona, that love effects an unwonted nobility in men, he states a doctrine which he â€Å"knows† is true but in which he may not â€Å"believe.† Ennoblement by love is a real possibility in men, but Iago has to view it with bitterness and to try to undermine it. (333-34) The theme of hate is the theme on which the play opens. Lily B. Campbell in Shakespeare’s Tragic Heroes indicates this hate in the opening scene: It is then on a theme of hate that the play opens. It is a hate of inveterate anger. It is a hate that is bound up with envy. Othello has preferred to be his lieutenant a military theorist, one Michael Cassio, over the experienced soldier Iago, to whom has fallen instead the post of â€Å"his Moorship’s ancient†. Roderigo questions Iago: Thou told’st me thou didst hold him in thy hate. And the reply is a torrent of proof of the hatred for Othello that has almost exceeded the envy of Cassio

Perception of Barriers

Question: Write an essay on Critique in Black Families Perception of Barriers to the Practice of a Healthy Lifestyle? Answer: This particular study have concentrated on some tangible indicators of the practice of the healthy lifestyles, still there are a drought of the research that explore the inter relationship between the observe of some healthy lifestyles and the wide spreading some living circumstances of Black and some other visible minority communities of the western societies. In this regard, this particular article represents a thorough study of the belief along with the perceptions of the African Caribbean men as well as women regarding the barriers - to healthy lifestyle. Apart from that, the article has shed focus on some special areas like social exclusion, racism as well as ethnic identity. In order to carry on the entire task, 18 participants of North England have been considered, as they have taken part in the study (Capstick et al. 2009). To have an in depth knowledge, the interview has been conducted in their homes. During the conduction of the interview, it has been found that the participants believe that the principles of leading a healthy lifestyle was not highly relevant to their own - experience. The reason is that they have significantly failed to take into account their personal experience of racism along with social exclusion, moral values, beliefs and ethnic identify. During the conduction of the study, it has been found that the participants argued that - emphasizing on the prevention of illness along with the perceived Eurocentric approaches, the main belief of a healthy lifestyle was a significant part of the social exclusion paradigm largely knowledgeable by their community (Clark and Drinkwater 2007). In support of the statement explained in the article, Craig and Shelton (2008) has illustrated in his work that many reports have explained the fact that the African Caribbean population largely suffer from -several life style related illness like obesity, diabetes, hypertension as well as stokes in - comparison to their white counterparts. Apart from that, it can be found that some evidences strongly suggest that this specified black community have fewer options towards participation of their task along with the social and domestic tasks. Some statistics have stated that the members of the black community are economically less placed that the white people of the society. Most interestingly, some significant health inequalities can be observed as well between these two discussed groups. In spite of the existing huge gap between the white and the black group of the community, some determinants have taken care of to control like social class, poverty, social discrimination and some mor e (Department of Health (DoH) 2010). The local health authority ethics community approved the survey before conduction and this study is based on the health as well as the well-being of African Caribbean community in the north of England. The participants were recruited with the help of the purposive sampling technique through community organizations, some voluntary centers and Black Church Organizations that give special importance to the Black along with some other minority communities in the society. The group is consisted of 11 women and 7 men, who are aged between 22 years to 60 years. Fetterman (2007) has suggested that before starting of the study, all these 18 participants were provided a detailed written as well as oral explanation of the study and they were ensured that the privacy would be maintained during as well as after the interview in contrast to the viewpoint stated in the article. Hammersley and Atkinson (2007) have critically elaborated in his work that this particular work has shaded focus on the pe rception of the participants on the issue that how racism and the social segregation and the lack in the recognition of the ethnic identity constrained their choices from participating a healthy lifestyle in the UK. Therefore, it can be said that it would be impossible for the researcher to carry on the entire research work if they did not give their access to a great deal of the detailed data. Heyl (2007) has stated in support of the article that the description of the participants largely falls under the category of three broad sections and these are patterns of the tangible behavior, proper accessibility to the public and the social services as well along with social order and the control mechanisms. Hylton (2010) has argued that the participants opined that maintaining a proper and healthy lifestyle must be about countering several socio-economic disadvantages like racism, discrimination along with the provision of appropriate education and at the same time it has been taken into consideration the values as well as the beliefs of each participants. Heyl (2007) has found that the participants believe that there are some important factors that contribute largely towards a healthy life style are no cigarette smoking, no drugs as well as any drugs in restraint. In comparison to the viewpoint stated in the article, Heyl (2007) has opined that healthy diet, exercise, healthy sexual practices, proper schooling, healthy neighbourhood- and a strong state of the comfort that takes into account enough hours to sleep and take rest and some more. King et al. (2009) have critically suggested that that the black people believe some social factors are required to take care of properly in order to lead a healthy life. Anti-discriminatory practices, social equality, healthy diet taking into consideration the traditional African Caribbean diet, positive media images are highly important that will focus on the supporting the African Caribbean. Moreover, it has been found that Ledwith and Springett (2010) have suggested that religious beliefs are required to keep in mind that will focus on the values and the beliefs of the African Caribbean community. It is important for the children and the young people as well, there is a requirement of the African Centri c Education curriculum comprehensive of the African Caribbean history and life sciences. In response to the above-mentioned beliefs, it has been found that the participants strongly believe that maintain the proper healthy life style are the key factors to have a public and social service. Ochieng (2010) has critically said that there must be appropriate management along with the proper delivery of the services to benefit individual health. They all have argued that leading a healthy life style simply means having equal access towards employment, proper and relevant education, health care, good housing. Moreover, it is important to deliver these services with equality and fairness. Williams (2010) has argued in his work that the Black people of the society are highly concerned - about fair and equal treatment at the time of looking for a job or consulting with the doctor. It has been found that the participants clearly struggled with many priorities in their lives that are believed to be more relevant and must be taken into consideration as an integral part of the life s tyle strategy. The participants in the discussed article have said that when the ruling party makes some advices about the healthy life style, they fell highly oppressed and the leaders do not care that about the well-being of the participants, especially the Black people. Denscombe (2003) has explained in his work that the Black people are highly concerned about the lack of inclusion of the African Caribbean foods as one of the important parts of the healthy diet. They have found that such type of omission was highly interpreted as a strong attempt to maintain the social order along with the control over the considered healthy diet. Moreover, Dundas et al. (2001) have significantly said that when the participants were asked about the importance of the unity, they all have talked about their internal division that arise from observance to the identity of the Caribbean island. After this part, it is highly important to discuss about the barriers towards practicing a healthy life style for the Black people of the specified area. Johnson et al. (2000) have found that there are two important areas are considered as the barriers of having a healthy lifestyle and these are the experience of racism along with the social exclusion and the disadvantages of the socio-economic condition. The second point is the lack of recognition of the ethnic identity, values as well as the beliefs of the participants in the mentioned text. Karlsen and Nazroo (2002) has elaborated clearly that the experiences of the racism along with the social segregation is considered as the major barrier to the Black people for maintain a healthy life style. The participants have opined that the racism is emphasized at almost all aspects of life and they have considered racism as the most energetic factor in this regard. The participants have found that racism was considered to have a direct effect of the black peoples socio-economic condition along with the health status and overall well-being of them. They all have found that the racism can effectively limit the level of the progress (Karlsen and Nazroo 2002). The participants have found that racism has resulted in - high - mortality rates among the Black people with the poor longevity rates. These all have lead towards a high incidence of the psychopathological illness and disadvantages of the individuals identity to have a proper and healthy lifestyle. From the article, the situation is adverse in case of the Caribbean women as compared to the Caribbean men. The Caribbean women have little access to any kind of jobs rather than men and this has affected the satiation adversely. The condition among the boys in the mentioned society is vulnerable, as the social segregation have showed the seed of frustration, restlessness and anger and this is unfortunately an ever growing cycle (Ochieng 2010). The women of the African Caribbean society are highly politicized and are called for a better understanding of the several - challenges in the community. The women in the society are constantly being - affected by racism and discrimination and this has gradually extended towards socio-economic disadvantages and the gradual family breakdowns. Both the female and the male participants have described that racism largely affect their life and they face - dissemination in the work place that damage them mentally (Ledwith and Springett 2010). The second most dangerous thing that the Black people of the community face is that a significant number existing principle of the community are highly ignored as well as marginalized the ethical identity of the African Caribbean and their values and beliefs as well. Hylton (2010) has critically argued that there is a general perception among the participants is that the healthy eating means giving up a significant part of their ethnic identity. Therefore, it has been found that in the entire study, some barriers have been identified - that affects the healthy life style and these might be microcosm of the wider challenges that most of the people in the community face largely. However, it can be said that a further investigate study is required to analyze the situation more critically among large number of participants (Hammersley and Atkinson 2007). References Capstick, S., et al., 2009. Relationships between health and culture in Polynesia a review. Social Science and Medicine, 68, 13411348. Clark, K. and Drinkwater, S., 2007. Ethnic minorities in the labour market: dynamics and diversity. London: The Policy Press. Craig, R. and Shelton, N., 2008. Health survey for England 2007: healthy lifestyles, knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. Leeds: The Information Centre. Denscombe, M., 2003. The good research guide for small scale social research projects. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Department of Health (DoH), 2010. Healthy lives: our strategy for public health in England. London: HMSO. Dundas, R., et al., 2001. Ethnic differences in behavioural risk factors for stroke: implications Fetterman, D.M., 2007. Ethnography: step-by-step. London: SAGE. for health promotion. Ethnicity and Health, 6 (2), 95103. Hammersley, M. and Atkinson, P., 2007. Ethnography principles in practise. 2nd ed. London: Routledge. Heyl, S.B., 2007. Ethnographic interviewing. In: P. Atkinson, et al., eds. Handbook of ethnography. London: Sage, 369383. Hylton, C., 2010. Creating and sustaining African self-identity in the Western Diaspora. In: B.M.N. Ochieng, and C.L.A. Hylton, eds. Black families in Britain as the site of struggle. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 258282. Johnson, R.D.M., et al., 2000. Black and minority ethnic groups in England: the second health and lifestyle survey. London: HEA. Karlsen, S. and Nazroo, J.Y., 2002. Agency and structure: the impact of ethnic identity and racism on the health of ethnic minority people. Sociology of Health and Illness, 24, 120. King, D.E., et al., 2009. Adherence to healthy lifestyle habits in US adults, 19882006. American Journal of Medicine, 122 (6), 528534. Ledwith, M. and Springett, J., 2010. Participatory practice: community-based action for transformative change. Bristol: Policy Press. Ochieng, B.M.N., 2010. You know what I mean: the ethical and methodological dilemmas and challenges for Black researchers interviewing Black families. Qualitative Health Research, 20 (12), 17251735. Williams, J., 2010. Black UK families and the labour market: an historical review of the continuing difficulties of establishing a firm economic base. In: B.M.N. Ochieng, and C.L.A. Hylton, eds. Black families in Britain as the site of struggle. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 122142.

The Condition of Women in Samuel Richardson’s ‘Pamela’ and Fakir Baykurt’s ‘Tirpan’ Essay Example For Students

The Condition of Women in Samuel Richardson’s ‘Pamela’ and Fakir Baykurt’s ‘Tirpan’ Essay Abstract Women is benefit by the society from the past to now. This state of affairs is for sex and labour. Society sees adult females like a goods and can purchase them with money. Harmonizing to work forces, adult females are sex stuff and slave. Womans who downtrodden, is married by parent. After that, they kill themselves because of this state of affairs. This status is normally in the eastern societies. Then, adult females ever want to be from upper category so ; they are exposed to sexual maltreatment. In 18 century, adult females are accused with witchery and they are roasted alive. Besides, adult females who want to populate alive, they are accused with witchery. In this term, hapless peasant adult females who want to acquire aid from church, they have sexual relationship with priest and cook. Harmonizing to this state of affairs, while work forces give in to enticement, adult females who sell themselves for nutrient, are devil and they are nail person to the wall. In West, sees that adult female an object for work forces. We will write a custom essay on The Condition of Women in Samuel Richardson’s ‘Pamela’ and Fakir Baykurt’s ‘Tirpan’ specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In this paper, I will analyse Samuel Richardson’sPamelaand Fakir Baykurt’sTA ±rpanand so I will knock of two novel about adult females is benefit sexual maltreatment and labour. Besides I will advert â€Å"The status of adult females in society.† And besides, I will compare Pamela and Duru . 1. Fakir Baykurt He is a Turkish novelist in 19. yy. He mentions live of small town to novels. He begins write verse form. He is inspired Orhan Veli. He represents pastoral novel. After 1950, he writes fresh and narrative. He died in 1999. 2. TA ±rpan Musdu who is landlord of Evci small town. He has money and lands. Duru who is from Gokcimen small town, she is really beautiful miss and she is 13 old ages old. Musdu sees Duru and wants purchase her. Duru and her female parent do non desire but her male parent accepts this state of affairs because of his friends. In small town, some of individual, conceal Duru but Musdu find her. Then, Duru and Musdu acquire married. UluguAY grandma helps Duru . She tries to forestall Musdu. Grandmother says something about Musdu to Duru . Because this state of affairs, everybody and Duru will acquire rid of Musdu. The work forces who take money, when they give gold for their household, who like a miss and he can transport miss. Then they go to imam and get married. After that, adult females can worked by work forces and arrive some babes. After many old ages, Womans who are from Gokcimen, when get old, work forces go to Gokcimen and sell another adult female for themselves. Everything is change bur this state of affairs is non alteration ( Baykurt, 1 ) . As you see, adult females are goods in their society. They can sell to work forces as goods. And besides, Women accept as can work and utilize. However, work forces use to adult females for sex. They ever think themselves non adult females. Men want many babes from adult females but merely they want male. If babe is girl, they will act severely so, they are married by their household but normally they marry work forces who do non desire. My maestro gave me more all right things. He called me up to my late lady ‘s cupboard, and, drawing out her shortss, he gave me two suits of all right Flanders laced caput apparels, three brace of all right silk places, two barely the worse, and merely tantrum for me, ( for my lady had a really small pes, ) and the other with shaped Ag buckles in them ; and several Ribbands and top-knots of all Colours ; four brace of white all right cotton stockings, and three brace of all right silk 1s ; and two brace of rich corsets ( Richardson, 16 ) . .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a , .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a .postImageUrl , .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a , .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a:hover , .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a:visited , .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a:active { border:0!important; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a:active , .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reeling In Catch 22 EssayMr. B gave something to Pamela and she accept their. She wants to be from upper category and take a hazard of everything. And besides, Mr. B becomes severely things of Pamela because he gives white cotton stockens. Cotton stokens is particular of adult females and Mr. B knows this state of affairs but he does non desire reveal. Kabak Musdu is really rich adult male. He has Equus caballus and he ever goes to with Equus caballus in small town. He goes to in Ankara and KA ±zA ±lca every hebdomad. He sells patridge and honey to Cankaya. And besides, he sells violet chou, lamb, fresh butter, sort of cheese and sock and everything†¦ Are you acquiring it? He has much profusion. He is proprietor of many edifice land. He likes that money safe. One twenty-four hours, he will be advantage to us, excessively. There are client for your girl and you still thoughtfully! Never head. Good fortune with it. Then, Duru who heard that, becomes sad and shouting ( Baykurt, 20 ) . In this citation shows us that men’s money is really of import in society. Oppression of society force many things. Kabak Musdu is rich individual so he is so attractive for people because of money. Actually, work forces who travel everyplace become informed for people. Some of adult females marry work forces who rich like Kabak Musdu. For case, Pamela because she tries to get married his maestro call as Mr. B. However, there are adult females who do non desire marry like Duru because she is so immature and she has non some purposes about marry like Pamela. Duru is great illustration of pureness. My wife’s unwellness acquiring proceed because of unwellness she can non cook and cleaning. As you know, I have ever guest at my place. There are non adult female who can cook. And besides I feel severely against to my friends ( Baykurt, 8 ) . I mentioned in abstract that, adult females see as goods and they can sell and utilize by work forces. When they are old, they can alter with new one. Women are used for both house labour and sexual relationship by work forces. Mr. B wants to get Pamela and he purposes a contract. Then he direct contract to Pamela ; he writes, if you are my kept woman, I will take money, apparels, gem and besides fiscal possibility for your parent ( Richardson, 225 ) . Pamela does non desire because her purpose is matrimony and she want to be from upper category and this state of affairs will go with matrimony. In this portion, Mr. B wants benefit from Pamela but she does non let. Financial possibility is really attractive to adult females so, Mr. B thinks that Pamela accepts this state of affairs. In this state of affairs, Mr. B becomes fail. I wish you really much. I like you. Musdu hugs Selver and caresses her legs. Then, Musdu says that I will come once more for love you. He kisses her lips, eyes and ears. You are so sweet and fantastic adult female. Be your hubby recognizing your sugariness? Selver becomes emphasis. He once more kisses her lips. I will come once more for gustatory sensation her. You look like young person of Duru . If she sweet likes you, I will be happy ( Baykurt, 37 ) . Although Selver is married woman of his friend, Musdu uses Selver for sex. Selver does non desire that, but Musdu forces to Selver. And besides, he is sexual relationship with Selver. However he still think that Duru . This state of affairs sees that Musdu’s purpose is sex. He thinks severely and harmonizing to his, he buys everything with his money. Actually, society sees that. He ever thinks about that because of society. .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 , .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 .postImageUrl , .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 , .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335:hover , .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335:visited , .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335:active { border:0!important; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335:active , .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Poetry of A. E. Housman EssayOne dark, Mr. B enters to in secret Pamela’s room by the aid of Mrs. Jewes and he assaults to Pamela. She swoons and Mr.B leaves entirely to her ( Richardson 256 ) . Mr. B wants to populate sexual relationship with Pamela like Musdu but Pamela does non desire. As we see, work forces accept adult females as goods. This idea still continues. In two novels, we see that adult females are same in two societies. Harmonizing to society, adult females who are downtrodden and used animals. In TA ±rpan, while Musdu represents to east, In Pamela, Mr.B represents to west but sex and adult females are same in two society. While, Money is really attractive for many people but it is non attractive for some people. For case, Pamela wants get to Mr.B for being upper category, on the contrary Duru refuses profusion and being upper category but subjugation of society, her male parent wants accept of this state of affairs. YanarateAY says that, â€Å"According to society, adult females are ever weak and demand of protection but work forces are symbol of power and money† ( 15 ) . Harmonizing to work forces, adult females are created for work forces but this state of affairs are non true. Actually, adult females are defenseless so, they are saw that destitute to work forces. Duru and Musdu acquire married. One dark, Musdu slumbers and Duru comes along with him, she stabs to swath of Musdu’s belly. Musdu tries to shout but he can non because Duru ties his oral cavity. She once more stabs to swath. After that, she takes package and goes out from place ( Baykurt, 256 ) . However, Duru does non desire Musdu and she saves herself and peasant from Musdu. And besides, she ne’er does non flinch. In this state of affairs shows that Duru is really powerful adult female. She begins release. Mr.B sends an battle to Pamela and this is a prenup. Pamela accepts to this battle. Prenup includes appanel, reference, household and maintain house ( Richardson, 395 ) . Pamela acquires what she wants. In this manner, she will be upper category. She immediate accepts battle. Although Lady Davers does non desire to this matrimony but they get married in secret. Harmonizing to this state of affairs, Pamela is powerless adult female because she is defeated to petitions. In decision, as I mentioned both in two novels, adult females who are people benefited and weak. From past to now, society expressions at adult females as downtrodden work forces marry in order to hold regularity in their life. On the contrary, downtrodden adult females try to order men’s life but this nonsensical state of affairs. This state of affairs shows that work forces can non populate without adult females but so they are non value. Lots of adult females see matrimony as release but really this state of affairs limits their freedom. For case, although Pamela sees matrimony as freedom, when she married, her freedom was limited by Mr.B. On the contrary, Duru ne’er wants to marriage, for that affair, when she married with Musdu, she kills him and she additions her freedom. The society in which money is of import, adult females involvement in work forces with money as Pamela. Work Cited Alikoc , Fulya. â€Å"DoAYu BatA ± ArasA ±nda KadA ±n, †Ozgurluk DunyasA ± Dergisi, No.123, ( 2014 ) : 5-6. ArA ±kan, Seda. â€Å"Gostergebilimsel BirCozumleme: Samuel Richardson’A ±n Pamela’sA ± , †AtaturkUniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu Dergisi, Vol. 13, No. 2. ( 2009 ) : 147-160. Baykurt, Fakir.TA ±rpan.A °stanbul: Literatur, 2007. DurukoAYlu, Salim. â€Å"KadA ±nA ±n ve Kaderin ‘TA ±rpan’ , †International Periodical for the Languagesand History of Turkish.Vol. 8/6, ( 2013 ) : 145-156. Richardson, Samuel.Pamela or Virtue Rewarded. New York: E.P. Dutton A ; Co. Inc, 1976. Sevim, AyAYe. KadA ±nA ±n OrtacaAYdan 20. YuzyA ±la DeAYin Seruveni. YanarateAY , Zeynep Ezgi.SusturulmuAY Bedenlerin CA ±AYlA ±klarA ±.

The Natural Resources of the African Community

The write up is on the African community. In Africa, most of the natural resources such as water, forests, soils and many more are on the rapid rate of extinction due to man’s exploitative nature without putting up the right conservation measures. Man exploits these resources in order to get their daily needs. The high population rates and the level of poverty contribute a lot to this kind of behavior.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Natural Resources of the African Community specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this paper, energy, water and forests have been identified as the three main areas that can be improved. There has been a cry in Africa over the shortages on these vital resources whereby the members are forced to acquire them expensively, because of this, measures to ensure their conservation is necessary. For each of the above mentioned resource, actions can be taken to cut down on their misus e. For water, it is necessary to have the water act that sets regulations and ensures that they are followed to the letter. In the case of energy, it is necessary to look for alternative renewable source of energy that is least costly and is environmental sensitive. In the issue of forests, laws should be enacted to ensure that those who go against them are answerable and pay heavily for their actions. According to a research done by Mwingi Godfrey on the conservation of water in South Africa, the following is important to ensure a sustainable use; Pressure management, this will control the chances of pipe bursts thus reducing the amount of losses through leakages, and in connection to this is the repairing of the faulty pipes and tapes to reduce the leakages. It is also vital to put up water meters for drafting payment schedules, this reduce the amount of water used for both domestic and commercial purposes. Water used for washing dishes and in flushing toilets is also a lot; there fore, re-use should be considered as some water can be used twice, this is called grey water. Dual flush system should be adopted because of its minimal water usage. In case of irrigation, conservative measures should be applied such as mulching and watering at the right time to avoid wastage (Water conservation para. 4). On energy, it is important to consider all the types of renewable energy sources such as wind, tides and waves, solar and biogas energy. If these entire sources are harnessed then the cost on electricity can be greatly reduced. Solar and biogas are the most efficient sources of energy that can be embraced to ensure a cost effective use. Practices such as putting off lights and all electrical appliances when not in use should be implemented. Use of energy saving bulbs should not be ignored (Fourteenth session of the United Nations commission on sustainable development para. 5).Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In considering forest resources in Africa, it is important to ensure that growing more trees is encouraged by emphasizing on the plant two as you cut down one should be encouraged, looking for alternative sources of energy and construction materials to reduce on logging done daily. Education campaigns on the importance of forests should be carried out. Conservation of these resources is a long time process which requires a timeframe of not less than five years. For water conservation, all the above mentioned ideas can be implemented in twenty years time, this due to ignorance with the people in Africa and lack of required skills to implement the strategies. For energy, a period of more than twenty years can be possible considering the lack in technical knowhow, awareness and lack of money to adopt the renewable sources. This case applies to forests because carrying out awareness and huge amount of money is required to carry out a forestation process. In the process of implementing the earlier mentioned ideas in order to conserve the above resources, many challenges are experienced. These include lack of money for proper funding, ignorance by the people on the importance of the resources and how to conserve them, poverty level and high population growth is also a threat as people have no alternative to get their daily needs apart from exploiting them and others. In order to counter the challenges mentioned, it is important to seek funds from the developed countries, carry out campaigns to educate the people on the importance of the resources and hoe to use them sustainably and providing an alternative for each of the mentioned resource to ensure its sustainability. Works Cited Fourteenth session of the United Nations commission on sustainable development, Department of environmental and tourism affairs, SEP 2005. Web. Water conservation. SAAF Environmental services. Feb. 2009. 04 April,2011. http://www.af.m il.za/ecopages/water.htmAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Natural Resources of the African Community specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on The Natural Resources of the African Community was written and submitted by user Julissa C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

AP history Industrial revolution essays

AP history Industrial revolution essays As the United States recovered from the Civil War and problems with segregation were being resolved the United States went through a major revolution in the industrial sector. Between 1860 and 1900 the United States went from being one of the slowest countries in industrial growth to one of the largest industrial giants. The production of coal grew 2000 percent and the production of steel grew 5000 percent. The leadership of the country, the immigration of people, the increase in miles of railroad, and the augment of populace in the urban areas promoted the industrial development and caused the United States to rumble with industrial expansion. The Republican Party controlled the presidency for six strait terms and well as eight of the ten terms between 1860 and 1900 (Doc. 4). The Republican Party believed in adjusting the tariff, tax on imports, to support the internal industries so that the citizens of the Untied States would prefer to purchase the products of the internal industries Doc. 3). The Republicans also supported improvements to the rivers and harbors. These features allowed the industrialism to swell by promoting their goals. The Republicans support of the industrial revolution and the projects that they allowed the companies to help with began a boom that couldnt be stopped. The growth in immigration aided the industrial revolution in a magnificent way as well. The immigrants were willing to do the manual labor on the railroads so that the native citizens could work the industrial, higher paying jobs in the urban areas. Document 4 shows the large increase in the Immigration to the United States, and Document 2 shows the miles of railroad track that was added each decade, this very similar growth pattern shows that the immigrants played a large part in the ability for the Republican party to reach its goal of having a railroad to the Pacific Ocean. The increase of railroad enabled the Un...

HE 491 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HE 491 - Article Example They discovered the roles of professional and political collaboration, and overall felt empowered to make a difference in their careers. Breast Cancer Advocacy Internship A study on breast cancer advocacy training supported a need for students ‘to become politically active professionals who participate in organizations that not only assist them professionally, but which affect the health and well-being of the communities in which they live and serve.’ This study revealed that many students had an increased sense of connection to the issue of breast cancer prevention and awareness through advocacy training. They developed a sense of empowerment in being able to impact the issue through political awareness and advocacy action. This study made them more aware of real life practical applications of what they were theoretically learning inside the classrooms. It gave the students a chance to explore innovative approaches to the dilemma, as well as become professionally aware of the collaboration needed among the professional and political community. More than anything, students developed a sense of urgency and a need to become actively involved in the issues surrounding breast cancer awareness, prevention, and research in their own communities.

Banking and Insurance Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Banking and Insurance Law - Essay Example Letters of Credit (LCs) is an instrument of maritime trade which has long been acclaimed as the nerve center of international trade. LCs are not "contracts" or "surety ship obligations" or "negotiable instruments" or an "agency agreements", but separate independent obligations to be interpreted on their own terms and conditions without reference to any other documents. ... or non-performance; transfer, assignment and back-to-back LCs; wrongful dishonor and anticipatory repudiation of it etc.UCPDC have technical rounded-up the standardized procedures and definitions on types of credit, teletransmitted and pre-advised credits, standard for examination of documents, discrepant documents and notice, disclaimer on effectiveness of documents, disclaimer on the transmission of messages, Force Majeure, bank-to-bank reimbursement arrangements, ambiguity as to the issuers of documents, unspecified, issuers or contents of documents, issuance date of documents v. credit date, Marine/Ocean Bill of Lading, Non-Negotiable Sea Waybill, Charter Party Bill of Lading, Multimodal Transport Document, Air Transport Document, Road, Rail or Inland Waterway Transport Documents, Courier and Post Receipts, Transport Documents Issued by Freight Forwarders, 'On Deck', 'Shipper's Load and Count', Name of Consignor, Clean Transport Documents, Freight Payable/Prepaid Transport Documents, Insurance Documents, Type of Insurance Cover, Commercial Invoices etc (UCPDC 500, 1993).In fact complete codified instructions on documentary credits can be had only through joint readings of the UCPDC and universal commercial codes (UCC). Despite the support of uniformity and standardization provided by provisions of UCPDC and UCC disputed transactions have grown multifold in maritime trade. Some of these disputes were genuine trade disputes and could be resolved by fulfillment of deficiencies whereas a good number of them were categorized as trade malpractices with the primary objective of defrauding the other part(ies).It is the latter category of documentary credit transactions which forms the focus of this paper and the general leeway given to fraudulent parties by English

Strategic Management in the quality of construction Assignment

Strategic Management in the quality of construction - Assignment Example The strategic planning would enable the quality of construction to get better and lead with a systematic approach (Rojas, 2009). A detailed review about the construction quality that is being practiced worldwide is collected with the help of information available through various sources. This research shows how there have to be establishment and maintenance of quality in the construction processes and how important this is. The information collected shows the consequences of the development of quality based schemes and tools on the construction side. In this process, there has to be importance given to the security, tools, architecture, querying and overall performance relating to the other competitors. Quality construction requires a need for review in all the sections to make sure nothing goes wrong. Literature Review: In the past years, research has shown that there is a continuous growth in the construction industry across the world (e.g. Woodward, 1997; Neeraj, 2000; Ruban, 2002 ). Due to the increasing population there is increased need of houses and buildings, furthermore developing countries are looking forward for a change for which they need the help of infrastructure and thus; construction. This continuous change and growth in the industry have lead to many initiatives to be introduced and being adopted aiming to further improving the quality of construction (Tang et al, 2005). The strategic management of the construction process focuses on these initiatives and aims at developing the same processes to the expectations of the respective people. Some of the initiatives that are strategically planned are the development of alternative procurement strategies that will enable and improve the communication structure of the different participants involved in the construction process (Davis, Goetsch, 2009). Secondly, the introduction to the use of computer technology that helps the enhancement of the construction process through the use of electronic data an d sharing. Thirdly, the introduction of a wide range of concepts and tools to improve efficiency and quality would be used and lastly, the development of the improved materials and construction methods including standardization (Skaik, 2009). Strategic management for the construction quality, just like every other industry, has the same approach. The approach for the strategic management has always been to be able to enhance the performance of the business. In the construction industry too, the strategic management in the quality of construction is aimed to bring benefits to the company’s growth and efficiency in the future, and also over the other competitors in the industry (Rumane, 2010). The managers of the construction project are supposed to be able to strategize their resources, their aims and their techniques to fulfill the expectations. The strategic management does not only include the strategies but also the ways in which they are carried out from the beginning to the end. And yet, many of the strategic management plans are failed. Quality of construction is immensely important no matter in what perspective the statement is drawn (Pheng, 2005). Whether it is the constructor, the contractor or the owner, each and all are concerned with the quality of construction. Griffith (2011) defines construction as a process that could be commercial, residential or any other type; there would be absolutely no

How Teenagers Consume Media

How Teenagers Consume Media Digital media is profoundly transforming consumer behaviour and traditional media business models. While creating new opportunities, its disruptive influence is being accelerated by the global recession. At the vanguard of this digital revolution are teenagers. While their habits will obviously change (especially when they start employment), understanding their mindset seems an excellent way of assessing how the media landscape will evolve. To this end, we asked a 15 year old summer work intern, Matthew Robson, to describe how he and his friends consume media. Without claiming representation or statistical accuracy, his piece provides one of the clearest and most thought provoking insights we have seen. So we published it. There are several issues that immediately jump out from the piece. Teenagers are consuming more media, but in entirely different ways and are almost certainly not prepared to pay for it. They resent intrusive advertising on billboards, TV and the Internet. They are happy to chase content and music across platforms and devices (iPods, mobiles, streaming sites). Print media (newspapers, directories) are viewed as irrelevant but events (cinema, concerts etc.) remain popular and one of the few beneficiaries of payment. The convergence of gaming, TV, mobile and Internet is accelerating with huge implications for pay-TV. For mobiles, price is key both in terms of handset prices  £100-200 as well as taking pay as you go as opposed to contracts. Mid-range feature phones still dominate, meaning that Sony Ericsson does well as thats their sweet spot. High-end smartphones are desirable but too expensive. Most prefer to own separate devices for music, and messaging. Texting is still key and use of new data services limited due to cost. Wi-Fi is more popular than 3G. While these trends will not necessarily surprise, their influence on TMT stocks cannot be underestimated. How Teenagers ConsumeMedia Radio Most teenagers nowadays are not regular listeners to radio. They may occasionally tune in, but they do not try to listen to a program specifically. The main reason teenagers listen to the radio is for music, but now with online sites streaming music for free they do not bother, as services such as last.fm do this advert free, and users can choose the songs they want instead of listening to what the radio presenter/DJ chooses. Television Most teenagers watch television, but usually there are points in the year where they watch more than average. This is due to programs coming on in seasons, so they will watch a particular show at a certain time for a number of weeks (as long as it lasts) but then they may watch no television for weeks after the program has ended. allows them to watch shows when they want. Whilst watching TV, adverts come on quite regularly (18 minutes of every hour) and teenagers do not want to watch these, so they switch to another channel, or do something else whilst the adverts run. The majority of teenagers I speak to have Virgin Media as their provider, citing lower costs but similar content of Sky. A fraction of teenagers have Freeview but these people are light users of TV (they watch about 1  ½ hours per week) so they do not require the hundreds of channels that other providers offer. Newspapers No teenager that I know of regularly reads a newspaper, as most do not have the time and cannot be bothered to read pages and pages of text while they could watch the news summarised on the internet or on TV. The only newspapers that are read are tabloids and freesheets (Metro, London Lite) mainly because of cost; teenagers are very reluctant to pay for a newspaper (hence the popularity of freesheets such as the Metro). Over the last few weeks, the sun has decreased in cost to 20p, so I have seen more and more copies read by teenagers. Another reason why mainly tabloids are read is that their compact size allows them to be read easily, on a bus or train. This is especially true for The Metro, as it is distributed on buses and trains. Gaming users, which has had an impact on phone usage; one can speak for free over the console and so a teenager would be unwilling to pay to use a phone. PC gaming has little or no place in the teenage market. This may be because usually games are released across all platforms, and whilst one can be sure a game will play on a console PC games require expensive set ups to ensure a game will play smoothly. In addition, PC games are relatively easy to pirate and download for free, so many teenagers would do this rather than buy a game. In contrast, it is near impossible to obtain a console game for free. Internet Every teenager has some access to the internet, be it at school or home. Home use is mainly used for fun (such as social networking) whilst school (or library) use is for work. Most teenagers are heavily active on a combination of social networking sites. Facebook is the most common, with nearly everyone with an internet connection registered and visiting >4 times a week. Facebook is popular as one can interact with friends on a wide scale. On the other hand, teenagers do not use twitter. Most have signed up to the service, but then just leave it as they release that they are not going to update it (mostly because texting twitter uses up credit, and they would rather text friends with that credit). In addition, they realise that no one is viewing their profile, so their tweets are pointless. Outside of social networking, the internet is used primarily as a source of information for a variety of topics. For searching the web, Google is the dominant figure, simply because it is well kn own and easy to use. Some teenagers make purchases on the internet (on sites like eBay) but this is only used by a small will) so that they can transfer it to portable music players and share it with friends. How teenagers play their music while on the go varies, and usually dependent on wealth -with teenagers from higher income families using iPods and those from lower income families using mobile phones. Some teenagers use both to listen to music, and there are always exceptions to the rule. A number of people use the music service iTunes (usually in conjunction with iPods) to acquire their music (legally) but again this is unpopular with many teenagers because of the high price (79p per song). Some teenagers use a combination of sources to obtain music, because sometimes the sound quality is better on streaming sites but they cannot use these sites whilst offline, so they would download a song then listen to it on music streaming sites (separate from the file). Cinema Teenagers visit the cinema quite often, regardless of what is on. Usually they will target a film first, and set out to see that, but sometimes they will just go and choose when they get there. This is because going to the cinema is not usually about the film, but the experience -and getting together with friends. Teenagers visit the cinema more often when they are in the lower end of teendom (13 and 14) but as they approach 15 they go to the cinema a lot less. This is due to the pricing; at 15 they have to pay the adult price, which is often double the child price. Also, it is possible to buy a pirated DVD of the film at the time of release, and these cost much less than a cinema ticket so teenagers often choose this instead of going to the cinema. Some teenagers choose to download the films off the internet, but this is not favourable as the films are usually bad quality, have to be watched on a small computer screen and there is a chance that they will be malicious files and insta ll a virus. Devices Mobile Phones 99% of teenagers have a mobile phone and most are quite capable phones. The general view is that Sony Ericsson phones are superior, due to their long list of features, built in walkman capability and value ( £100 will buy a mid-high range model). Teenagers due to the risk of it getting lost do not own mobile phones over the  £200 mark. As a rule, teenagers have phones on pay as you go. This is because they cannot afford the monthly payments, and cannot commit to an 18-month contract. Usually, teenagers only use their phone for texting, calling. Features such as video messaging or video calling are not used -because they are expensive, (you can get four regular texts for the price of one video message). Services such as instant messaging are used, but not by everyone. It usually depends whether the phone is Wi-Fi compatible, because otherwise it is very expensive to get internet off the phone network. As most teenagers phones have Bluetooth support, and Bluetooth is free, they utilise this feature often. It is used to send songs and videos (even though it is illegal) and is another way teenagers gain songs for free. Teenagers never use the ringtone and picture selling services, which gained popularity in the early 00s. This is because of the negative press that these services have attracted (where the charge  £20 a week with no easy way to cancel the service) and the fact that they can get pictures and music on a computer -then transfer it to their phones at no cost. Mobile email is not used as teenagers have no need; they do not need to be connected to their inbox all the time as they dont receive important emails. Teenagers do not use the internet features on their mobiles as it costs too much, and generally, if they waited an hour they could use their home internet and they are willing to wait as they dont usually have anything urgent to do. Teenagers do not upgrade their phone very often, with most upgrading every two years. They usually upgrade on their birthday when their parents will buy them a new phone, as they do not normally have enough money to do it themselves. Televisions: Most teenagers own a TV, with more and more upgrading to HD ready flat screens. However, many are not utilising this HD functionality, as HD channels are expensive extras which many families cannot justify the added expenditure. Many of them dont want to sign up to HD broadcasting services, as adverts are shown on standard definition broadcasts, so they cant see the difference. Most people have Virgin Media as a TV provider. Some have sky and some have Freeview but very few only have the first five channels (BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel Four and Channel Five). Computers: Every teenager has access to a basic computer with internet, but most teenagers computers are systems capable of only everyday tasks. Nearly all teenagers computers have Microsoft office installed, as it allows them to do school work at home. Most (9/10) computers owned by teenagers are PCs, because they are much cheaper than Macs and school computers run Windows, so if a Mac is used at home compatibility issues arise. Games Consoles: Close to 1/3 of teenagers have a new ( What is Hot? Anything with a touch screen is desirable. Mobile phones with large capacities for music. Portable devices that can connect to the internet (iPhones) Really big tellies What Is Not? Anything with wires Phones with black and white screens Clunky brick phones Devices with less than ten-hour battery life Disclosure Section Morgan Stanley Co. International plc, authorized and regulated by Financial Services Authority, disseminates in the UK research that it has prepared, and approves solely for the purposes of section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, research which has been prepared by any of its affiliates. As used in this disclosure section, Morgan Stanley includes RMB Morgan Stanley (Proprietary) Limited, Morgan Stanley Co International plc and its affiliates. For important disclosures, stock price charts and rating histories regarding companies that are the subject of this report, please see the Morgan Stanley Research Disclosure Website at www.morganstanley.com/researchdisclosures, or contact your investment representative or Morgan Stanley Research at 1585 Broadway, (Attention: Equity Research Management), New York, NY, 10036 USA. Analyst Certification The following analysts hereby certify that their views about the companies and their securities discussed in this report are accurately expressed and that they have not received and will not receive direct or indirect compensation in exchange for expressing specific recommendations or views in this report: Edward Hill-Wood. Unless otherwise stated, the individuals listed on the cover page of this report are research analysts. 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The Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) was developed by and is the exclusive pro

Gold :: science

Gold Gold was discovered around 3000 BC to 1200 BC. Gold probably was found on the ground and used by prehistoric man as a tool. Highly sophisticated gold art objects and jewelry discovered by archaeologists in the Royal Tombs at Ur, in what is now Southern Iraq, date back to around 3000 BC. Similarly, goldsmiths of the Chavin civilization in Peru were making ornaments by hammering and embossing gold by 1200 BC. Where and abundance in nature: Since gold is both durable and carefully guarded, most of the gold that has been taken from the Earth still exists. Much of it has been buried again in underground vaults, where it is held in government monetary reserves. In 1990 the bullion reserves of the free world were estimated to total some 43,000 tons. Of this, the United States held 11 percent. Gold reserves of South Africa were estimated at some 20,000 tons. Despite the prevalence of antihoarding laws, another 50,000 tons were believed to be privately held. People are willing to take enormous risks and short-term financial losses to hoard gold against the possibility of fiscal inflation . The rest of the world's accumulated gold was held in official stocks by central banks or was industrially employed or lost. Today gold may be bought and sold on many markets. The largest is in London, England. Others exist in several nations of continental Europe, in the Middle East, and in Asia. Past and Current use: Gold probably was found on the ground and used by prehistoric man as a tool. Highly sophisticated gold art objects and jewelry discovered by archaeologists in the Royal Tombs at Ur, in what is now Southern Iraq, date back to around 3000 BC. Similarly, goldsmiths of the Chavin civilization in Peru were making ornaments by hammering and embossing gold by 1200 BC. Gold is usually alloyed in jewelry to give it more strength, and the term carat describes the amount of gold present (24 carats is pure gold). It is estimated that all the gold in the world, so far refined, could be placed in a single cube 60 ft. on a side. It is metallic, with a yellow color when in a mass, but when finely divided it may be black, ruby, or purple. It is the most malleable and ductile metal; 1 ounce (28 g) of gold can be beaten out to 300 square feet.

Fiction and Literature Outdoor Literature Essay

â€Å"When I read great literature, great drama, speeches, or sermons, I feel that the human mind has not achieved anything greater than the ability to share feelings and thoughts through language. â€Å"- James Earl Jones The major types of literature across the world are English, Greek, Latin, Roman, African, Indian, American, French, Irish, Spain, Chinese, Italian, Japanese, Persian, Sanskrit, Nepali, Russian and Canadian literature. Literature is a well-considered form of a language that influences the minds of readers of all age. Italian Renaissance is the age of Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, whereas Greece Literature mostly comprises the literature of Greek Gods and Goddesses. Romanticism of Wordsworth is the literature which is oriented towards nature and can be considered to be reverse of classicism. Today’s era of Modernism and Post modernism uses artificial language based on ambiguity, satire and parody. Some authors choose long composition methods to link more than one story. Moreover, literature being a part of scientific language is also used to analyze grammar, usage, lexis and semantics. Kinds of Literature Fictional Literature. Drama: Drama is the theatrical dialog performed on stage, it consists of 5 acts. Tragedy, comedy and melodrama are the sub types of drama. e. g William Shakespeare, an Elizabethan dramatist composed the plays Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear that are famous because of its combination of tragedy and comedy. Problem play, farce, fantasy, monologue and comedy of manners are some kinds of drama. Tragedy: It is a story of the major character who faces bad luck. Tragedy, elements of horrors and struggle usually concludes with the death of a person. The Illiad and The Odyssey by Homer are the two famous Greek tragedies. Comedy: The lead character overcomes the conflicts and overall look of the comedy is full of laughter and the issues are handled very lightly. The elements used in the comedy are romanticism, exaggeration, surprises and a comic view of life. Melodrama: Melodrama is a blend of two nouns – ‘melody’ and ‘drama’. It is a musical play most popular by 1840. Uncle Tom’s Cabin is one of the most popular plays describing cruelty of labor life. It has happy ending like comedy. Tragicomedy: The play that begins with serious mode but has a happy ending is tragicomedy. Prose Literature  History, journalism, philosophy, fiction and fantasy writings, scientific writings, children’s literature authors and writers are included in Prose Literature. Myth Myths are the fairy tales with lots of adventure, magic and it lacks scientific proof. Nursery rhymes, songs and lullabies are forms of myths that strike the interest of children. Creative and nature myth are stories of the stars and moon. Magic tales are wonderful tales of quests and fantasy. Hero myths are ideal heroes of adventure. Short story The small commercial fiction, true or imaginary, smaller than a novel is known as short story. Short stories are well-grouped that followed the sequence of easy and no complexity in beginning, concrete theme, some dialogs and ends with resolution. They are oral and short-lived which have gossip, joke, fable, myth, parable, hearsay and legend. Novel Novel can be based on comic, crime, detective, adventurous, romantic or political story divided into many parts. The major kinds of novels are: Allegory: The symbolic story revolves around two meanings. What the writer says directly is totally different from the conveyed meanings at the end. Political and Historical allegory are two forms of Allegory. Comedy: Satire is very common form in comedy novels and tries to focus on the facts of the society and their desires. Epistolary: The collection of letters or mails is the epistolary novels. Samuel Richardson’s Pamela and Henry Fielding’s Joseph Andrew are the few examples of Epistolary novels. Feminist: These types of novels are written by women writers around the world to describe the place of women in a male dominated society. E. g Virginia Woolf’s â€Å"A Room of one’s Own†. Gothic: Gothic fiction is the combination of both horror and romance. Melodrama and parody were grouped in the Gothic literature in its early stages. Ironic: Ironic novels are known for excessive use of narrative technique. It is satire on the contemporary society about cultural, social and political issues. Realism: The realistic novels are based on the truths of ordinary society and their problems. It focuses on the plot, structure and the characters of the novel. Romance: Love and relationship topics are handled optimistically in the romantic novels. It originated in western countries; basically the story revolves around love affairs of main characters. Some popular sub categories of romantic novels are paranormal, erotic, suspense, multicultural and inspirational romance. Narration: In narrative style, writer becomes the third person who narrates whole story around the characters. Naturalism: Naturalism is based on the theory of Darwin. Picaresque: It is opposite to romance novels as it involves ideals, themes and principles that refuse the so-called prejudices of the society. Psychological: It’s the psychological prospective of mind with a resolution. Satire: Satirical novels criticize the contemporary society. The most famous novels are Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels (1726), Kingsley Amis’s Lucky Jim (1954), George Orwell’s Animal Farm and Randell Jarrell’s Pictures from an Institution (1954). Stream of Consciousness: James Joyce’s stream of consciousness is all about the thought coming up in the minds of the readers. A novel also constitutes categories on social and political aspects like proletarian, psychological, protest novel, government, didactic, materialist novel, allegorical novel, novel of engagement, naturalistic novel, Marxist novel, radical novel, revolutionary novel, anti-war novel, utopian novel, futuristic novel, anarchist novel, problem novel, social philosophy novel, novel of ideas, problem play and speculative novel. Folk Tale  Folk Tales are traditional stories that have been creating interest since ancient times. The children and old persons like religious story, magic and superstition as well. Fable, tall tales, cumulative, trickster and proverbs are the sub categories of folk tales. Mythology or legend is the ancient religious stories of origin and human civilization such as story of Robin Hood. Types of poetry Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings recollected in the tranquility. Greek poetry is found in free verse and we have rhymes in the Persian poem. Are you wondering how to write a poem, here are the followings forms of poem? Sonnet: Sonnet is the short poem of 14 lines grouped into Shakespearean and Italian sonnets. Ballad: The poems that are on the subject matter of love and sung by the poet or group of singers as telling readers a story. Elegy: This type of poem is the lamenting of the death of a person or his near one. Elegy Written in Country Churchyard by Thomas Gray is one of the famous poems marked as sad poems of the ages. Ode: Ode is the formal and long poem serious in nature. Allegory: Allegory is the famous form of poetry and is loved by the readers because of its two symbolic meanings. One is the literal meaning and another is the deep meaning. Epic and Mock epic: Epics are the narrative poems that convey moral and culture of that period. The Odyssey and Iliad are one of the largest philosophical epics written by Samuel Butler. Rape of the Lock is the great mock epic focusing on the minor incident of cutting of a curl. Lyric: It has Greek origin that gives a melody of imagery. It is the direct appeal of a poet to the readers about any incident or historical events. Lyrics are most of the time similar to ode or sonnets in the form. Nonfiction Literature: Nonfiction Literature is opposite to fiction as it is informative and comprises the interesting facts with analysis and illustrations. Main types of Non- fiction literature Autobiography and Biography An autobiography is the story of the author’s own life. ‘Family Life at the White House’ by Bill Clinton is focused on his life and achievements. ‘Wings of fire’ by Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Mein kampf of Adolph Hitler are the autobiography books on real life. Essay Generally the authors’ point of view about any particular topic in a detailed way is an essay. Essay has simple way of narrating the main subject; therefore they are descriptive, lengthy, subject oriented and comparative. Different types of essay: Personal essay, expository essay type, response essay, process essay, persuasive essay, argumentative essay, critical essay type, interview essay, reflective essay type, evaluation, observation essay, comparison type of essay, application essay, compare and contrast essay and narrative essay type. Literary criticism It is the critical study of a piece of literature. Here critics apply different theories, evaluation, discussion and explanation to the text or an essay to give total judgments. Plato, Aristotle, T. S. Eliot, Saussure and Frye are some of the famous critics. Travel literature It is the narration of any tour or foreign journey with the description of the events, dates, places, sights and author’s views. Francis Bacon’s natural philosophies in the middle of Seventeenth century is one famous example of travel literature. Diary Diaries are the incidents recorded by the author without any means of publishing them. It is the rough work of one’s daily routine, happenings, memorable days or events in their life. E. g. Anne Frank’s ‘Diary of a Young Girl’ was published by her father in 1940s; it’s a story of a girl trapped during German invade Amsterdam. Diaries consists of business letters, newsletters, weather listing. In today’s world of Internet, writers write in blogs, forums, polls and social networking sites to convey their thoughts. This also is a form of diary writing. Some profound forms of diaries are online diary, travel, sleep, tagebuch, fictional, dream and death diaries. Journal Journal is one of types of diaries that records infinite information. They are of following types: Personal: It is for personal analysis. In this journal one can write his goal, daily thoughts, events and situations. Academic: It is for students who do research or dissertation on particular subjects. Creative journals: Creative journals are the imaginative writing of a story, poem or narrative. Trade: Trade journals are used by industrial purposes where they dictate practical information. Dialectical: This journal is use by students to write on double column notebook. They can write facts, experiments, and observation on the left side and right side can be a series of thoughts and response with an end. Newspaper It is a collection of daily or weekly news of politics, sports, leisure, fashion, movies and business. Magazine Magazines can be the current affairs or opinions well collected covering various content. Frame Narrative The psychoanalysis of human mind is present in a frame narrative. Here we find another story within the main story. Some of the popular narratives are Pegasus, Wuthering Heights, The Flying Horse, The Three Pigs, A Time to keep and the Tasha Tudor Book of Holidays. Outdoor literature Outdoor literature is the literature of adventure that gives whole exploration of an event. Exciting moments of life such as horse riding, fishing, trekking can be a part of literature. Some outdoor books are ‘The Adventures of Tom Sawyer’ by Mark Twain, ‘Treasure Island’ by Robert Louis, ‘Voyages’ by Richard Hakluyt and ‘A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush’ by Eric Newby. Narrative form of Literature Today we find movies, audio and video CD’s and Cassettes that present current literature in use. Digital poetry is an upcoming trend too. Comic books, cartoons, eBook and Internet games are the learning methods for children. Literature includes centuries, human nature, cultures and souls. Isn’t it?